Multivibrator module

Description: A multivibrator has identical components(capacitors, transistors and resistors) arranged on the left and right hand sides that can be used to implement a variety of simple two-state systems such as oscillators, timers and flip-flops. In a multivibrator circuit, increasing the value of the two electrolytic capacitors increases the time each LED remains on/off.  (more…)

MINIBREAD

MINIBREAD is a simple technique of making electronic projects on mini breadboard. I have published basic electronic projects keeping electronic amateurs and students in mind. (more…)

Astable mode of 555 timer

Description: Astable mode of 555 timer is used to generate pulses at regular interval. READ ABOUT ASTABLE MODE. 

The following schematic has been taken from buildcircuit.com. The following circuit can work as a music generator, Infrared transmitter and LED blinker depending upon the values of R1, R2 and C1. (more…)

Experiments with LM358

Description: LM358 is also one of the types of operational amplifier. LM358 consists of two independent, high-gain, frequency-compensated operational amplifiers designed to operate from a single supply over a wide range of voltages.

This module can also be used for testing an LDR, a phototransistor and a photodiode. You just need to replace an LDR with phototransistor or photodiode, the circuit simply works. You can try this project using 741 IC also. (more…)

Monostable module

Description: In the monostable mode, the 555 works as a “one-shot” pulse generator.  Other applications of monostable mode include timers, pulse-width modulation (PWM), missing pulse detection,  touch switches, frequency divider, capacitance measurement, bouncefree switches  and so on.  (more…)

FREE 555 timer simulators for electronics beginners

All of us know that NE555(or other versions) is a versatile IC for building big and small projects. Recently, I found some free simulators that would be very useful for electronics beginners. Please go the links I have given on this page and download those applications for FREE. You may also find something more useful on those pages. I will update this page again once I find more simulators. Please write me if you know any. (more…)

Light activated police siren using 555 timer and light dependent resistor(LDR)

Here’s a simple light activated police siren using light dependent resistor and NE555 timer. Before you make this project, I would recommend you to make the following projects.

a. Light sensor and dark sensor

I strongly recommend you to make a dark sensor and light sensor using LDR and understand clearly how it works.

b. NE555 astable mode– Understand the working of astable mode of NE555 timer.

The police siren project is based on these two projects, so you need to understand these two projects first. (more…)

How to use an electret microphone

An electret is a permanently charged dielectric. It is made by heating a ceramic material, placing it in a magnetic field then allowing it to cool while still in the magnetic field. It is the electrostatic equivalent of a permanent magnet. In the electret microphone a slice of this material is used as a part of the dielectric of a capacitor in which the diaphram of a microphone forms one plate. Sound pressure moves one of its plates. The movement of the plate changes the capacitance. The electret capacitor is connected to an FET amplifier. These microphones are small, have excellent sensitivity, a wide frequency response and a very low cost.

BUY_ELECTRET_MICROPHONE (more…)

Light dependent blinker using LDR and CD4093

Here’s a simple experiment with LDR and CD4093. This is just a modification of a previous project “dark sensor using 2 transistors”. In this project, the CD4093 is configured in such a way that whenever you block  light falling on LDR, the circuit starts blinking the LED D1.

The flasher circuit does not get power till there is enough light on LDR. The CD4093 circuit gets power via emitter of Q2- BC547 when you block light falling on LDR. (more…)

How to make an FM transmitter

After getting several comments from young electronic students , I am rewriting this article to make the FM transmitter making process more clear.

This tutorial is for making simplest FM transmitter using one transistor. You can make this project with less components and it is an easy and simple project for beginners.

Before you proceed, please see the schematic given below. In the schematic, you will see the components required for making an FM transmitter.The transmission range of this circuit is approximately 10-20 meters.

(more…)

Remote operated musical bell using UM3481

This article is about remote operated musical bell using UM3481. The M348X series IC is a mask-ROM-programmed multi melody generator , implemented by CMOS technology. It is designed to play the melody according to the previously programmed information and is capable of generating 16 songs with 3 instrument effects : piano, organ and mandolin. The device also includes a pre-amplifier which provides a simple interface to  the driver circuit. The M3481 series is intended for applications such as toys, door bells, music box, melody clock/timers and telephones. (more…)

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